Effective precipitation is a key factor determining the rate of production and transport of sediments and an important input to our TOPOSED model. Therefore, we aim to quantify the paleoprecipitation and of the runoff on the Africa for the same time slices than the paleogeographical maps (Figure 5). These paleoprecipitation maps will be based on geological data such as: Paleoprecipitation maps are then defined as one of four categories: arid, semi-arid (dry with one season with possible rains), semi-humid (wet with one season possibly dry) and humid.